Ferroelastic Fingerprints in Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite

Methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI(3)) perovskite shows an outstanding performance in photovoltaic devices. However, certain material properties, especially the possible ferroic behavior, remain unclear. We observed distinct nanoscale periodic domains in the piezoresponse of MAPbI(3)(Cl) grains. The structure and the orientation of these striped domains indicate ferroelasticity as their origin. By correlating vertical and lateral piezoresponse force microscopy experiments performed at different sample orientations with X-ray diffraction, the preferred domain orientation is suggested to be the a(1)-a(2)-phase. The observation of these ferroelastic fingerprints appears to strongly depend on the film texture and thus the preparation route. The ferroelastic twin domains could form due to the introduction of strain during the cubic-tetragonal phase transition.