Synaptic inhibition tunes contrast computation in the retina

Inhibition shapes activity and signal processing in neural networks through numerous mechanisms mediated by many different cell types. Here, We examined how one type of GABAergic interneuron in the retina, the A17 amacrine cull, influences visual information processing. Our results suggest that A17s, which make reciprocal feedback inhibitory synapses onto rod bipolar cell (RBC) synaptic terminals, extend the luminance range over which RBC synapses compute temporal contrast and enhance the reliability of contrast signals over this range. Inhibition from other amacrine cells does not influence these computational features. Although A17-mediated feedback is mediated by both GABA(A) and GABA(C) receptors, the latter plays the primary rote in extending the range of contrast computation. These results identify specific functions for an inhibitory interneuron subtype, as well as specific synaptic receptors, in a behaviorally relevant neural computation.