Spatial refractive index measurement of porcine artery using differential phase optical coherence microscopy

Background and Objectives: We describe a methodology to record spatial variation of refractive index of porcine renal artery using differential phase optical coherence microscopy (DP-OCM). Study Design/Materials and Methods: The DP-OCM provides quantitative measurement of thin specimen phase retardation and refractive index by measuring optical path-length changes on the order of a few nanometers and with a lateral resolution of 3 pm. The DP-OCM instrumentation is an all-fiber, dual-channel Michelson interferometer constructed using a polarization maintaining (PM) fiber. Results: Two-dimensional en face dual-channel phase images are taken over a 150x200 pm region on a microscopic slide, and the images are reconstructed by plotting a two-dimensional refractive index map as the OCM beam is moved across the sample. Conclusions: Because the DP-OCM can record transient changes in the optical path-length, the system may be used to record quantitative optical path-length alterations of tissue in response to various stimuli. A fiber-based DPOCM may have the potential to substantially improve in vivo imaging of individual cells for a variety of clinical diagnostics, and monitoring applications.