The Effects of Worry in Daily Life: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study Supporting the Tenets of the Contrast Avoidance Model

被引:57
作者
Newman, Michelle G. [1 ]
Jacobson, Nicholas C. [1 ,2 ]
Zainal, Nur Hani [1 ]
Shin, Ki Eun [1 ]
Szkodny, Lauren E. [1 ,3 ]
Sliwinski, Martin J. [1 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Penn State Univ, Dept Psychol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA
[2] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA
[3] Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA
[4] Penn State Univ, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies, University Pk, PA 16802 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
worry; contrast avoidance; generalized anxiety disorder; GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER; HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; EMOTIONAL STIMULI; CIRCUMPLEX MODEL; ALL-CAUSE; RUMINATION; QUESTIONNAIRE; REACTIVITY; IV; VALIDATION;
D O I
10.1177/2167702619827019
中图分类号
B849 [应用心理学];
学科分类号
040203 ;
摘要
The contrast avoidance model (CAM) suggests that worry increases and sustains negative emotion to prevent a negative emotional contrast (sharp upward shift in negative emotion) and increase the probability of a positive contrast (shift toward positive emotion). In Study 1, we experimentally validated momentary assessment items (N = 25). In Study 2, participants with generalized anxiety disorder (N = 31) and controls (N = 37) were prompted once per hour regarding their worry, thought valence, and arousal 10 times a day for 8 days. Higher worry duration, negative thought valence, and uncontrollable train of thoughts predicted feeling more keyed up concurrently and sustained anxious activation 1 hr later. More worry, feeling keyed up, and uncontrollable train of thoughts predicted lower likelihood of a negative emotional contrast in thought valence and higher likelihood of a positive emotional contrast in thought valence 1 hr later. Findings support the prospective ecological validity of CAM. Our findings suggest that naturalistic worry reduces the likelihood of a sharp increase in negative affect and does so by increasing and sustaining anxious activation.
引用
收藏
页码:794 / 810
页数:17
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