Bifurcation analysis of an e-SEIARS model with multiple delays for point-to-group worm propagation

In this paper, by taking two important network environment factors (namely point-to-group worm propagation and benign worms) into consideration, a mathematical model with multiple delays to model the worm prevalence is presented. Sufficient conditions for the local stability of the unique endemic equilibrium and the existence of a Hopf bifurcation are demonstrated by choosing the different combinations of the three delays and analyzing the associated characteristic equation. Directly afterward, the stability and direction of the bifurcated periodic solutions are investigated by using center manifold theorem and the normal form theory. Finally, special attention is paid to some numerical simulations in order to verify the obtained theoretical results.