The practice of botulinum toxin injections is unavoidable in the correction of facial aging. In effect botulinum toxin at tows to erase dynamic wrinkles, by transient and reversible muscular relaxation. This is the best wrinckle treatment for the upper part of the face: glabellar tines, horizontal forehead lines and crow's feet. This technique requires a good understanding of facial muscular anatomy, in order to correctly apply the basics of injection. Every patient is unique and only a big experience will allow to refine and personalise injections. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.
机构:
Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Jules Stein Eye Inst, Div Ophthalm Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USAUniv Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Jules Stein Eye Inst, Div Ophthalm Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
Steinsapir, Kenneth D.
Groth, Michael J.
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Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Jules Stein Eye Inst, Div Ophthalm Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USAUniv Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Jules Stein Eye Inst, Div Ophthalm Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
Groth, Michael J.
Boxrud, Cynthia A.
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Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Jules Stein Eye Inst, Div Ophthalm Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USAUniv Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Jules Stein Eye Inst, Div Ophthalm Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
机构:
MossRehab Gait & Mot Anal Lab, Elkins Pk, PA 19027 USA
Dept Rehabil Med, Elkins Pk, PA 19027 USAMossRehab Gait & Mot Anal Lab, Elkins Pk, PA 19027 USA
Esquenazi, Alberto
Mayer, Nathaniel H.
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MossRehab Motor Control Anal Lab, Philadelphia, PA USA
Temple Univ, Dept PM&R, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USAMossRehab Gait & Mot Anal Lab, Elkins Pk, PA 19027 USA
Mayer, Nathaniel H.
Elia, Antonio E.
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Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Movement Disorders Unit, I-20123 Milan, Italy
Ist Neurochirurg C Besta, I-20133 Milan, ItalyMossRehab Gait & Mot Anal Lab, Elkins Pk, PA 19027 USA
Elia, Antonio E.
Albanese, Alberto
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Ist Neurochirurg C Besta, I-20133 Milan, Italy
Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Neurol Movement Disorders Unit, I-20123 Milan, ItalyMossRehab Gait & Mot Anal Lab, Elkins Pk, PA 19027 USA