land tenure;
soil conservation;
Investment decision;
farm productivity;
land use sustainability;
agricultural development;
TENANCY CONTRACTS;
INVESTMENT;
EFFICIENCY;
PRODUCTIVITY;
ADOPTION;
IMPACTS;
EVICTION;
FARMERS;
THREATS;
D O I:
10.3390/su11143925
中图分类号:
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号:
08 ;
0830 ;
摘要:
The current study aims to investigate the agricultural investment differences among three kinds of land lease agreements and their effect on farmers' decisions regarding sustainable growth in terms of soil conservation and wheat productivity, using cross-sectional data from rural households in Punjab, Pakistan. The multivariate Tobit model was used for the empirical analysis because it considers the possible substitution of investment choices and the tenancy status' endogeneity. Compared to agricultural lands on lease contracts, landowners involved in agribusiness are more likely to invest in measures to improve soil and increase productivity. Moreover, the present study has also identified that the yield per hectare is much higher for landowners than sharecroppers, and thus, the Marshall's assumption of low efficiency of tenants under sharecroppers is supported.