CHARACTERIZATION OF NATIVE CELLULOSIC FIBRES COMING FROM VARIOUS NATURAL SOURCES

Natural raw materials such as wood and plant fibres were utilized as organic filler in building materials already in the past and their use currently continues, as demonstrated by the huge number of bioproduct-based worldwide industries. As the most abundant component in wood and most plants, cellulose is an almost inexhaustible polymeric raw material from renewable sources. Using of cellulosic (lignocellulosic) fibres as filler or reinforcing component in cement composites is constantly growing. Natural fibres are low cost ones with low density and high specific properties. Because of their availability have lignocellulosic plant fibres a potential in the manufacture of composite materials. Nowadays, is necessary to design efficient building materials (thermal insulation, sound absorption, and sound insulation) with lower environmental impact especially in regard to the carbon footprint. Using of recycled fibres from waste paper as a secondary raw material is contemporary trend for production new building materials. Moreover, hemp hurds as a woody core hemp stem coming from processing hemp stem to fibres are used for preparation of building composite materials. Lignocellulosic material from hemp has become a promising alternative material source for construction and industrial applications. In order to stimulate commercial production of bio-based composite, a deeper knowing the structure, chemical, physical and mechanical properties of the cellulose/lignocellulosic fibres is needed to be integrated into the composite. This paper deals with characterization of morphology, chemical composition and structure of cellulosic fibres coming from various sources such as wood, waste paper and hemp hurds.