Comparative evaluation of two commercial PET scanners, ECAT EXACT HR+ and Biograph 2, using GATE

被引:40
作者
Karakatsanis, N.
Sakellios, N.
Tsantilas, N. X.
Dikaios, N.
Tsoumpas, C.
Lazaro, D.
Loudos, G.
Schmidtlein, C. R.
Louizi, K.
Valais, J.
Nikolopoulos, D.
Malamitsi, J.
Kandarakis, J.
Nikita, K.
机构
[1] Natl Tech Univ Athens, Nucl Imaging Med Lab, Biomed Simulat & Imaging Appl Lab, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, GR-15780 Athens, Greece
[2] Univ Athens, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
[3] Technol Educ Inst Athens, GR-12210 Athens, Greece
[4] Hammersmith Hosp, Hammersmith Imanet Ltd, London W12 0NN, England
[5] CHU Pitie Salpetriere, UMR 678 INSERM UPMC, F-75634 Paris 13, France
[6] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Med Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA
关键词
GATE; PET; HR; biograph; Monte Carlo simulations; validation;
D O I
10.1016/j.nima.2006.08.110
中图分类号
TH7 [仪器、仪表];
学科分类号
0804 ; 080401 ; 081102 ;
摘要
Geant4 application for tomographic emission (GATE) is a generic Monte Carlo simulation platform based on a general-purpose code GEANT4 and designed to simulate positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission tomography systems. Monte Carlo simulations are used in nuclear medicine to model imaging systems and develop and assess tomographic reconstruction algorithms and correction methods for improved image quantification. The purpose of this study is to validate two GATE models of the commercial available PET scanner HR+ and the PET/CT Biograph 2. The geometry of the system components has been described in GATE, including detector ring, crystal blocks, PMTS etc. The energy and spatial resolution of the scanners as given by the manufacturers have been taken into account. The GATE simulated results are compared directly to experimental data obtained using a number of NEMA NU-2-2001 performance protocols, including spatial resolution, sensitivity and scatter fraction. All the respective phantoms are precisely modeled. Furthermore, an approximate dead-time model both at the level of single and coincidence events was developed so that the simulated count rate curve can satisfactorily match the experimental count rate performance curve for each scanner In addition a software tool was developed to build the sinograms from the simulated data and import them into the software for tomographic image reconstruction where the reconstruction algorithm of FBP3DRP was applied. An agreement of less than 0.8 mm was obtained between the spatial resolution of the simulated system and the experimental results. Also the simulated scatter fraction for the NEMA NU 2-2001 scatter phantom matched the experimental results to within 3% of measured values. Finally the ratio of the simulated sensitivities with sources radially offset 0 and 10 cm from the central axis of each of the two scanners reaches an agreement of less than 1 % between the simulated and experimental values. This simulation code will be used in a second phase in order to study scatter phenomena and motion artifacts. The simulation results will be used to optimize image reconstruction algorithms, with emphasis on dynamic PET studies. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V.
引用
收藏
页码:368 / 372
页数:5
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