Atomic-Scale Observation of Irradiation-Induced Surface Oxidation by In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy

被引:9
作者
Huang, Xing [1 ]
Jones, Travis [1 ]
Fan, Hua [1 ]
Willinger, Marc-Georg [1 ]
机构
[1] Fritz Haber Inst Max Planck Soc, Dept Inorgan Chem, Faradayweg,4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
来源
ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES | 2016年 / 3卷 / 22期
关键词
RADIATION-DAMAGE; CDS NANORIBBONS; GROWTH; OXYGEN; NANOMATERIALS; NANOWIRES; DYNAMICS; TUNGSTEN;
D O I
10.1002/admi.201600751
中图分类号
O6 [化学];
学科分类号
0703 ;
摘要
Irradiation of materials with high energy particles can induce structural transitions or trigger chemical reactions. Understanding the underlying mechanism for irradiation-induced phenomena is of both scientific and technical importance. Here, CdS nanoribbons are used as a model system to study structural and chemical evolution under electron-beam irradiation by in situ transmission electron microscopy. Real-time imaging clearly shows that upon irradiation, CdS is transformed to CdO with the formation of orientation-dependent relationships at surface. The structural transition can always be triggered with a dose rate beyond 601 e/angstrom(2)s in this system. A lower dose rate instead leads to the deposition of an amorphous carbon layer on the surface. Based on real-time observations and density functional theory calculations, a mechanism for the oxidation of CdS to CdO is proposed. It is essentially a thermodynamically driven process that is mediated by the formation of sulfur vacancies due to the electron-beam irradiation. It is also demonstrated that the surface oxidation can be suppressed by pre-depositing a conductive carbon layer on the CdS surface. The carbon coating can effectively reduce the rate of sulfur vacancy creation, thus decreasing defect-mediated oxidation. In addition, it isolates the active oxygen radicals from the ribbon, blocking the pathway for oxygen diffusion.
引用
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页数:10
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