Autoimmune myocarditis: Past, present and future

被引:68
作者
Leuschner, Florian [1 ]
Katus, Hugo A. [1 ]
Kaya, Ziya [1 ]
机构
[1] Heidelberg Univ, Dept Cardiol, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
关键词
Autoimmunity; Myocarditis; Mouse models; Cardiac myosin; Cardiac troponins; Cytokines; Chemokines; CARDIAC TROPONIN-I; SUBSEQUENT IMMUNOGLOBULIN SUBSTITUTION; COXSACKIEVIRUS B3-INDUCED MYOCARDITIS; MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1; CONVERTING ENZYME-INHIBITION; LEFT-VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION; AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; IMPAIRED UP-REGULATION; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-3; DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY;
D O I
10.1016/j.jaut.2009.07.009
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
100102 ;
摘要
Heart failure has become an increasingly prevalent disorder with considerable morbidity and mortality. While many causal mechanisms such as inherited cardiomyopathies, ischemic cardiomyopathy or muscular overload are easily identified in clinical practice, the molecular mechanisms that determine the progression of heart failure or ventricular remodelling are largely unknown. Autoimmune responses and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases. There is compelling evidence that inflammatory mechanisms may contribute to progressive heart failure. Thus, myocardial infiltration of lymphocytes and mononuclear cells, increased expression of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines and circulating autoantibodies are frequently observed in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. In this review we give an overview on myocarditis and describe why diagnosis and treatment of myocarditis in the clinic can be difficult. We present current animal models and describe possible experimental approaches to improve diagnosis. Finally, we give an outlook on possible drug targets by describing the latest findings in the animal models focussing on chemokines and cytokines, T cell responses and interactions, tolerance induction and the development of autoantibodies. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:282 / 289
页数:8
相关论文
共 96 条
[1]   Diagnostic performance of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with suspected acute myocarditis -: Comparison of different approaches [J].
Abdel-Aty, H ;
Boyé, P ;
Zagrosek, A ;
Wassmuth, R ;
Kumar, A ;
Messroghli, D ;
Bock, P ;
Dietz, R ;
Friedrich, MG ;
Schulz-Menger, J .
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY, 2005, 45 (11) :1815-1822
[2]   Impaired up-regulation of CD25 on CD4+ T cells in IFN-γ knockout mice is associated with progression of myocarditis to heart failure [J].
Afanasyeva, M ;
Georgakopoulos, D ;
Belardi, DF ;
Bedja, D ;
Fairweather, D ;
Wang, Y ;
Kaya, Z ;
Gabrielson, KL ;
Rodriguez, ER ;
Caturegli, P ;
Kass, DA ;
Rose, NR .
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2005, 102 (01) :180-185
[3]   Quantitative analysis of myocardial inflammation by flow cytometry in murine autoimmune myocarditis - Correlation with cardiac function [J].
Afanasyeva, M ;
Georgakopoulos, D ;
Belardi, DF ;
Ramsundar, AC ;
Barin, JG ;
Kass, DA ;
Rose, NR .
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY, 2004, 164 (03) :807-815
[4]   Interleukin-12 receptor/STAT4 signaling is required for the development of autoimmune myocarditis in mice by an interferon-γ-independent pathway [J].
Afanasyeva, M ;
Wang, Y ;
Kaya, Z ;
Stafford, EA ;
Dohmen, KM ;
Akha, AAS ;
Rose, NR .
CIRCULATION, 2001, 104 (25) :3145-3151
[5]   Experimental autoimmune myocarditis in A/J mice is an interleukin-4-dependent disease with a Th2 phenotype [J].
Afanasyeva, M ;
Wang, Y ;
Kaya, Z ;
Park, S ;
Zilliox, MJ ;
Schofield, BH ;
Hill, SL ;
Rose, NR .
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY, 2001, 159 (01) :193-203
[6]   Low-molecular-weight tumor necrosis factor receptor p55 controls induction of autoimmune heart disease [J].
Bachmaier, K ;
Pummerer, C ;
Kozieradzki, I ;
Pfeffer, K ;
Mak, TW ;
Neu, N ;
Penninger, JM .
CIRCULATION, 1997, 95 (03) :655-661
[7]   Comparison of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II receptor blockade for the prevention of experimental autoimmune myocarditis [J].
Bahk, Thomas J. ;
Daniels, Melvin D. ;
Leon, Juan S. ;
Wang, Kegiang ;
Engman, David A. .
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY, 2008, 125 (01) :85-93
[8]   Autoimmunity: From the mosaic to the kaleidoscope [J].
Blank, Miri ;
Gershwin, M. Eric .
JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY, 2008, 30 (1-2) :1-4
[9]   Dual role of CCR2 during initiation and progression of collagen-induced arthritis:: Evidence for regulatory activity of CCR2+ T cells [J].
Brühl, H ;
Cihak, J ;
Schneider, MA ;
Plachy, J ;
Rupp, T ;
Wenzel, I ;
Shakarami, M ;
Milz, S ;
Ellwart, JW ;
Stangassinger, M ;
Schlöndorff, D ;
Mack, M .
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, 2004, 172 (02) :890-898
[10]   Cardiac failure in transgenic mice with myocardial expression of tumor necrosis factor-α [J].
Bryant, D ;
Becker, L ;
Richardson, J ;
Shelton, J ;
Franco, F ;
Peshock, R ;
Thompson, M ;
Giroir, B .
CIRCULATION, 1998, 97 (14) :1375-1381