Vaccines in Congenital Toxoplasmosis: Advances and Perspectives

被引:9
作者
Barros, Mariana [1 ]
Teixeira, Daniela [1 ]
Vilanova, Manuel [2 ,3 ,4 ]
Correia, Alexandra [2 ,3 ,4 ]
Teixeira, Natercia [5 ]
Borges, Margarida [5 ]
机构
[1] Univ Porto, Fac Farm, Dept Ciencias Biol, Porto, Portugal
[2] Univ Porto, Immunobiol Grp, Inst Invest Inovacao Saud I3S, Porto, Portugal
[3] Univ Porto, Inst Biol Mol & Celular IBMC, Porto, Portugal
[4] Univ Porto, Dept Imuno Fisiol & Farmacol, Inst Ciencias Biomed Abel Salazar ICBAS, Porto, Portugal
[5] Univ Porto, Fac Farm, Appl Mol Biosci Unit Rede Quim & Tecnol UCIBIO RE, Dept Ciencias Biol, Porto, Portugal
关键词
pregnancy; toxoplasmosis; congenital; vaccination; maternal-fetal;
D O I
10.3389/fimmu.2020.621997
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
100102 ;
摘要
Congenital toxoplasmosis has a high impact on human disease worldwide, inducing serious consequences from fetus to adulthood. Despite this, there are currently no human vaccines available to prevent this infection. Most vaccination studies against Toxoplasma gondii infection used animal models in which the infection was established by exogenous inoculation. Here, we review recent research on potential T. gondii vaccines using animal models in which infection was congenitally established. Endeavors in this field have so far revealed that live or subunit vaccines previously found to confer protection against extrinsically established infections can also protect, at least partially, from vertically transmitted infection. Nevertheless, there is no consensus on the more adequate immune response to protect the host and the fetus in congenital infection. Most of the vaccination studies rely on the assessment of maternal systemic immune responses, quantification of parasitic loads in the fetuses, and survival indexes and/or brain parasitic burden in the neonates. More research must be carried out not only to explore new vaccines but also to further study the nature of the elicited immune protection at the maternal-fetal interface. Particularly, the cellular and molecular effector mechanisms at the maternal-fetal interface induced by immunization remain poorly characterized. Deeper knowledge on the immune response at this specific location will certainly help to refine the vaccine-induced immunity and, consequently, to provide the most effective and safest protection against T. gondii vertical infection.
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页数:9
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