Adapting water tariffs to climate change: Linking resource availability, costs, demand, and tariff design flexibility

被引:24
作者
Silva Pinto, F. [1 ]
de Carvalho, B. [1 ]
Cunha Marques, R. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Lisbon, Inst Super Tecn, CESUR, CERIS, Av Rovisco Pais 1, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal
关键词
Water tariffs; Climate change; Impact assessment; Mixed integer linear programming; Water supply system; Water resources;
D O I
10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.125803
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Utilities face challenges that may cause net damage costs able to defy our society and environment. An ever more frequent impact is water resource scarcity due to an increasingly uncertain climate, over-exploitation and contamination of resources, as well as lack of infrastructure. Thus, in the water supply sector, the robustness and resilience of systems depends on 'preparedness' measures able to establish a link between resources availability, utility costs, water tariffs (or other sources of revenue) and demand. In this study, the interplay regarding the instability of environmental phenomena, water supply and demand management is established to model tariffs in a novel flexible framework. The social, economic and environmental impacts are assessed related to costs, demand, and water resources availability. The Sao Paulo metropolitan area (Brazil) case-study is assessed, particularly the Cantareira reservoir system. Water supply tariffs and operational adjustments are proposed on an 'ex-ante time frame'. By providing a rationale to price changes related to resource variability (e.g., scarcity-related) the often reliance on heuristics or simplified decision-making models is avoided. The results achieved highlight that water supply tariffs can be planned according to climatic and hydrologic information, utility costs, water demand, rational and flexible tariff design, to avoid unnecessary constraints on utilities, allowing to defer investment requirements. Benefits accrued to customers are: reductions from 10% to 44% in lower consumption levels (usually connected to high-value uses) and, when in resource scarcity situations, increases in higher consumption blocks from 3% to 106%. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页数:16
相关论文
共 61 条
[1]  
Alves D., 2009, ESTIMACAO ELASTICIDA
[2]  
[Anonymous], 2014, CLIMATE CHANGE 2014
[3]  
Araujo W., 2019, WATER-SUI, V11, P20
[4]  
AWWA, 2012, AWWA MANUAL M1, Vsixth
[5]   Adapting water management to climate change: Institutional involvement, inter-institutional networks and barriers in India [J].
Azhoni, Adani ;
Holman, Ian ;
Jude, Simon .
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS, 2017, 44 :144-157
[6]   Technical and financial feasibility of rainwater harvesting systems in public buildings in Amazon, Brazil [J].
Campos Cardoso, Raisa Nicole ;
Cavalcante Blanco, Claudio Jose ;
Duarte, Juliana Maia .
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION, 2020, 260
[7]  
Canedo P.M, 1979, THESIS U LANCASTER U
[8]  
Canedo P.M., 1989, ENGENHARIA HIDROLOGI, pCH4
[9]  
Chou S., 2014, Am J Clim Change, V3, P438, DOI [10.4236/ajcc.2014.35039, DOI 10.4236/AJCC.2014.35039]
[10]  
Chou SC., 2014, AM J CLIMATE CHANGE, V3, P512, DOI DOI 10.4236/AJCC.2014.35043