Prevalence and risk factors for falls in patients with spondyloarthritis: A systematic review

Objective Patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) may have a greater risk of falling due to poor postural balance and decreased mobility. To our best knowledge, there are no published reviews that study falls in patients with SpA. Therefore, we aim to systematically review the literature and identify the prevalence and risk factors of falls in patients with SpA. Methods We conducted a systematic review using 5 electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar using controlled vocabulary terms (eg MeSH terms) in the search strategy for the concepts: falls, fall risk, SpA and its subtypes. Results We identified 7279 articles, of which 3 studies with a total of 441 patients were included. Prevalence of falls ranged from 13% to 25%. We identified 16 main factors across 5 categories. Under socio-demographic factors, functional limitation, decreased quality of life, advanced age and job loss were associated with an increased risk of falls. Poor balance and mobility and fear of falling were associated with increased risk of falls. Active disease and symptoms of SpA were medical factors that were associated with increased risk of falls. Medication factors including polypharmacy, myorelaxants and antidepressants were not associated with increased fall risk. Conclusion We identified potentially modifiable risk factors associated with increased risk of falls in patients with SpA, including functional limitation, poor balance and mobility, fear of falling and active disease. Clinicians should recognize these factors and address them in the holistic management of patients with SpA, thereby reducing falls and their complications.