Exposed water ice on the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

被引：104

作者：

Filacchione, G. ^{[1
]}

De Sanctis, M. C. ^{[1
]}

Capaccioni, F. ^{[1
]}

Raponi, A. ^{[1
]}

Tosi, F. ^{[1
]}

Ciarniello, M. ^{[1
]}

Cerroni, P. ^{[1
]}

Piccioni, G. ^{[1
]}

Capria, M. T. ^{[1
]}

Palomba, E. ^{[1
]}

Bellucci, G. ^{[1
]}

Erard, S. ^{[2
]}

Bockelee-Morvan, D. ^{[2
]}

Leyrat, C. ^{[2
]}

Arnold, G. ^{[3
]}

Barucci, M. A. ^{[2
]}

Fulchignoni, M. ^{[2
]}

Schmitt, B. ^{[4
]}

Quirico, E. ^{[4
]}

Jaumann, R. ^{[3
]}

Stephan, K. ^{[3
]}

Longobardo, A. ^{[1
]}

Mennella, V. ^{[5
]}

Migliorini, A. ^{[1
]}

Ammannito, E. ^{[6
]}

Benkhoff, J. ^{[7
]}

Bibring, J. P. ^{[8
]}

Blanco, A. ^{[9
]}

Blecka, M. I. ^{[10
]}

Carlson, R. ^{[11
]}

Carsenty, U. ^{[3
]}

Colangeli, L. ^{[7
]}

Combes, M. ^{[2
]}

Combi, M. ^{[12
]}

Crovisier, J. ^{[2
]}

Drossart, P. ^{[2
]}

Encrenaz, T. ^{[2
]}

Federico, C. ^{[13
]}

Fink, U. ^{[14
]}

Fonti, S. ^{[9
]}

Ip, W. H. ^{[15
]}

Irwin, P. ^{[16
]}

Kuehrt, E. ^{[3
]}

Langevin, Y. ^{[8
]}

Magni, G. ^{[1
]}

McCord, T. ^{[17
]}

Moroz, L. ^{[3
]}

Mottola, S. ^{[3
]}

Orofino, V. ^{[9
]}

Schade, U. ^{[18
]}

机构：

[1] IAPS, INAF, Rome, Italy

[2] Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC, CNRS, LESIA,Observ Paris, Meudon, France

[3] DLR, Inst Planetary Res, Berlin, Germany

[4] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France

[5] Osserv Astron Capodimonte, INAF, I-80131 Naples, Italy

[6] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA

[7] European Space Agcy ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands

[8] CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatial, F-91405 Orsay, France

[9] Univ Salento, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis Ennio De Giorgi, Lecce, Italy

[10] Polish Acad Sci, Space Res Ctr, PL-01237 Warsaw, Poland

[11] NASA JPL, Pasadena, CA USA

[12] Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA

[13] Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy

[14] Univ Arizona, Lunar Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ USA

[15] Natl Cent Univ, Taipei, Taiwan

[16] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England

[17] Bear Fight Inst, Winthrop, WA USA

[18] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie, Berlin, Germany

[19] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy

[20] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Rome, Italy

[21] INAF, Ist Radioastron, Bologna, Italy

[22] DLR, Inst Opt Sensor Syst, Berlin, Germany

来源：

NATURE | 2016年 / 529卷 / 7586期

关键词：

OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; CRYSTALLINE H2O-ICE; SURFACE; VIRTIS; ROSETTA;

D O I：

10.1038/nature16190

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Although water vapour is the main species observed in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko(1,2) and water is the major constituent of cometary nuclei(3,4), limited evidence for exposed water-ice regions on the surface of the nucleus has been found so far(5,6). The absence of large regions of exposed water ice seems a common finding on the surfaces of many of the comets observed so far(7-9). The nucleus of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko appears to be fairly uniformly coated with dark, dehydrated, refractory and organic-rich material(10). Here we report the identification at infrared wavelengths of water ice on two debris falls in the Imhotep region of the nucleus. The ice has been exposed on the walls of elevated structures and at the base of the walls. A quantitative derivation of the abundance of ice in these regions indicates the presence of millimetre-sized pure water-ice grains, considerably larger than in all previous observations(6,7-9). Although micrometresized water-ice grains are the usual result of vapour recondensation in ice-free layers(6), the occurrence of millimetre-sized grains of pure ice as observed in the Imhotep debris falls is best explained by grain growth by vapour diffusion in ice-rich layers, or by sintering. As a consequence of these processes, the nucleus can develop an extended and complex coating in which the outer dehydrated crust(10) is superimposed on layers enriched in water ice. The stratigraphy observed on 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko(11,12) is therefore the result of evolutionary processes affecting the uppermost metres of the nucleus and does not necessarily require a global layering to have occurred at the time of the comet's formation.

引用

页码：368 / +

页数：8

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