Effect of tilt angle on the multi-pipe channel with sinusoidal/curved walls - numerical modelling based on finite volume method

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the two-dimensional numerical modeling of fluid flow and heat transfer in a fluid channel. Design/methodology/approach The channel is filled with the CuO-water nanofluid. The KKL model is used to estimate the dynamic viscosity and considering Brownian motion. On the other hand, the influence of CuO nanoparticles' shapes on the heat transfer rate is taken account in the simulations. The channel is included with several active pipes with hot and cold temperatures. Furthermore, the external curved and sinusoidal walls have cold and hot temperatures, respectively. Findings Three different tilt angles are considered with similar boundary and operating conditions. The Rayleigh numbers, solid volume fraction of CuO nanoparticles in the pure water and the tilt angles are the governing parameters. Different cases studies, such as streamlines, heat transfer rate, local and total entropy generation and heatlines, are analysed under influences of these governing parameters. Originality/value The originality of this work is investigation of fluid flow, heat transfer and entropy generation within a nanofluid filled channel using FVM.