Mean apparent diffusion coefficient in a single slice may predict tumor response to whole-brain radiation therapy in non-small-cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases

Objectives This study aimed to access the performance of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as a predictor for treatment response to whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in patients with brain metastases (BMs) from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of 102 NSCLC patients with BMs who underwent WBRT between 2012 and 2016. Diffusion-weighted MRI were performed pre-WBRT and within 12 weeks after WBRT started. Mean single-plane ADC value of ROIs was evaluated by two radiologists blinded to results of each other. The treatment response rate, intracranial progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed based on the ADC value and Delta ADC respectively. At last, we used COX and logistic regression to do the multivariate analysis. Results There was good inter-observer agreement of mean ADC value pre-WBRT, post-WBRT, and Delta ADC between the 2 radiologists (Pearson correlation 0.915 [pre-WBRT], 0.950 [post-WBRT], 0.937 [Delta ADC], p < 0.001, for each one). High mean ADC value were related with better response rate (72.2% vs 37.5%, p = 0.001) and iPFS (7.6 vs 6.4 months, p = 0.031). High Delta ADC were related with better response rate (73.6% vs 36.7%, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis shows that histopathology, BMs number, high ADC value pre-WBRT, and high Delta ADC post-WBRT were related to better treatment response of WBRT, and KPS, BMs number, and low ADC value pre-WBRT increased the risk of developing intracranial relapse. ConclusionsThe mean single-plane ADC value pre-WBRT and Delta ADC post-WBRT were potential predictor for intracranial tumor response to WBRT in NSCLC patients with brain metastases. Key Points ADC value is a potential predictor of intracranial treatment response to WBRT in NSCLC patients with brain metastases. Higher mean ADC value pre-WBRT and.ADC post-WBRT of brain metastases were related to better intracranial tumor response. Prediction of response before WBRT using ADC value can help oncologists to make better therapy plans and avoid missing opportunities for rescue therapy.