Quercetin inhibits sodium nitrite-induced inflammation and apoptosis in different rats organs by suppressing Bax, HIF1-α, TGF-β, Smad-2, and AKT pathways

The objective of this work is to study the protective effects of Quercetin against sodium nitrite-induced hypoxia on liver, lung, kidney and cardiac tissues, also to explore novel mechanism of this compound. Male albino rats were injected with sodium nitrite (75 mg/kg). Quercetin (200 mg kg(-1),- i.p.) was administrated 24 and 1 h respectively prior to sodium nitrite intoxication, hypoxia significantly decreased hemoglobin concentration, while increased expressions of HIF, Bax, Smad-2, TGF-beta, and AKT. However, administration of Quercetin played a modulatory role against the previous mentioned apoptotic factors protein expressions in all the studied tissues. Onthe other hand, Bcl-2 was downregulated by NaNO2, whereas concurrent treatment with Quercetin increased its expression. It was concluded that Quercetin possesses an anti-apoptotic action induced by NaNO2-intoxication via different mechanisms. Quercetin administration is recommended in areas of high altitudes to combat the hazard effect of hypoxia in different organs and in some diseases accompanied by hypoxic stress.