The Prevalence of Night Eating Syndrome among Outpatient Overweight or Obese Individuals with Serious Mental Illness

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Night Eating Syndrome (NES) among overweight or obese patients with serious mental illness and its relationship with insomnia and quality of life. Methods: This study included 158 overweight or obese patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder (according to DSM-IV criteria) that were not in the active disease period. A clinical interview and Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) were used to assess the prevalence of NES among those in the study group. Body mass index (BMI), sleep quality, and quality of life measures were also evaluated for each patient. Results: Twelve patients (7.6%) were diagnosed with NES via clinical interview while 26 (16.5%) were diagnosed by having >= 25 points in the NEQ. There were no statistically significant differences between the NES and non-NES groups with respect to age, gender, education and body mass index. However, quality of life scores were lower while the severity of insomnia scores were higher in patients with NES. Conclusion: The prevalence of NES is higher among overweight or obese patients with serious mental illness when compared to prevalence data in a general population, as demonstrated by previously published studies. Night eating behavior may be related to insomnia and poor quality of life measures. The recognition of NES among patients with severe mental disease is essential to promote prevention of obesity and insomnia as related to night eating behavior.