Cybersecurity protection on in-vehicle networks for distributed automotive cyber-physical systems: State-of-the-art and future challenges

The ever-evolving trip mode of human being leads the automobiles moving toward connected, autonomous, sharing, and electrified vehicles rapidly. But the connection introduces new cybersecurity problems on in-vehicle networks, which poses great challenges for safety guarantee of distributed automotive cyber-physical systems. This article first analyzes the cybersecurity vulnerabilities and defines the security requirements for in-vehicle networks, and then introduces the architecture evolution of in-vehicle network. Based on the definition on architecture of in-vehicle networks, this article defines a security protection framework for it. And then, it surveys the state-of-the-art works for availability protection, integrity protection, and confidentiality protection of in-vehicle networks, respectively, and detailed analysis and comparisons are given about the proposed cybersecurity protection mechanisms. Finally, it summarizes the future challenges for cybersecurity protection of in-vehicle networks, and proposes possible solutions for these challenges.