A quantum deniable authentication protocol based on two-mode squeezed quantum states

A quantum deniable authentication protocol based on the theory of continuous quantum by using two-mode squeezed quantum states is proposed. By introducing the key agreement mechanism, the message sender and the specified receiver will first agree a new shared secret key by key update phases without the help of a third center and without their interaction by utilizing the amplitude and the phase properties of the entangled optical modes, and then the sender generates the message authentication code by using the new shared secret key. Security analysis results show that the protocol satisfies the basic security requirements of deniable authentication protocol such as completeness and deniability, and can withstand forgery attack, impersonation attack, inter-resend attack and beam splitter attack.