Bilateral third and unilateral sixth nerve palsies as early presenting signs of metastatic prostatic carcinoma

Purpose To report four cases of cranial nerve palsy, which presented to the ophthalmologist as the only or one of the earliest manifestations of prostatic carcinoma. This is an infrequent complication of metastatic prostatic carcinoma usually only occurring late in the disease process in those with a history of prostatic carcinoma. Methods The case records of four patients with a history of a cranial nerve palsy who attended the ophthalmology department and who had a recent or subsequent diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma were reviewed. Results Diplopia caused by lesions affecting the third and sixth nerves sometimes in association with sensory symptoms may be a manifestation of metastatic prostatic carcinoma. These findings are consistent with base of the skull metastases from the condition. Two patients are still alive 54 months and 12 months after the diagnosis. One of the patients died 13 months after the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma was made and the other died 21 months after the diagnosis from an unrelated hypertensive brain haemorrhage. Conclusion Any patient presenting with diplopia must have an adequate past medical history taken and in an elderly gentleman this should include symptoms of prostatic disease. If indicated urological referral and measurement of prostate specific antigen may be performed. In patients whose cranial nerve palsy is complicated by other sensory signs or those in whom no sign of recovery occurs in 2 months, a contrast CT scan asking for bone windows to be included may be helpful in delineating any pathology. Radiotherapy may be useful for the treatment of metastatic prostatic carcinoma causing cranial nerve palsies with some patients experiencing either complete or partial resolution of their symptoms. The effect of newer hormonal agents or chemotherapy on this aspect of the disease is not well documented in current literature.