Cultural security: The evolving role of art in international security

By examining the historically progressive role of cultural property in terrorism and political riolence, this paper reveals the evolving significant of art to international security. Over the past two centuries, abuse of antiquities and fine art has evolved from the spoils-of-war into a medium for conducting terrorism that strives to erase the cultral heritage of "the other." In contrast to wartime destruction and plunder which date back millennia, the growth of the art market over the past fifty years has created opportunities for norel abuses of cultural property. Since World War II, maturing international awareness has recognized the threat which armed conflict and looting pose to cultural property, but in parallel, art trafficking, and the politics of cultural property have become tools for transnational organized crime and terrorist groups. The resulting unique intersection of issues in art, politics, and counterterrorism forms the basis for a new field-cultural society. After an assessment of topical security threats which suggest the need for such a field, the paper concludes by speculating on international-security risks precipitating from antiquities trafficking and collecting.