Laser-driven ion accelerators:: Spectral control, monoenergetic ions and new acceleration mechanisms

Los Alamos National Laboratory short pulse experiments have shown using various target cleaning techniques Such that heavy ion beams of different charge states call be produced. Furthermore, by controlling the thickness of light ions on the rear of the target, monoenergetic ion pulses call be generated. The spectral shape of the accelerated particles call be controlled to yield a range of distributions, from Maxwellian to ones possessing a rnonoenergetic peak at high energy. The key lies in understanding and utilizing target surface chemistry. Careful monitoring and control of the surface properties and induction of reactions at different temperatures allows well defined source layers to be formed, which in turn lead to the desired energy spectra in the acceleration process. Theoretical considerations provide understanding of the process of monoenergetic ion production. In addition, numerical modeling has identified a new acceleration mechanism, the laser break-out afterburner that could potentially boost particle energies by up to two orders of magnitude for the same laser parameters. This mechanism may enable application of laser-accelerated ion beams to venues such as compact accelerators, tumor therapy, and ion fast ignition.