Prevalence Of Anemia And Its Associated Factors Among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients At University Of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A Hospital-Based Cross Sectional Study

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem associated with progressive decline in kidney function and adverse cardiovascular outcome. Anemia of CKD has substantial adverse outcomes in CKD patients. There is paucity of published data on prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among CKD patients in Northwest Ethiopia. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among CKD patients at the University of Gondar hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1, to September 30, 2018. Consecutive sampling was used to recruit 251 study subjects. Patients were interviewed to obtain demographic data, and the patients' medical records were reviewed to obtain information on relevant medical history and laboratory parameters. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independently associated factors of anemia among CKD patients. P-value <0.05 was used to declare association. Results: The overall prevalence of anemia in CKD patients was high (64.5%), and the magnitude worsened as kidney function declined. Hypertension (45%), chronic glomerulonephritis (24%) and diabetes (20%) were common causes of CKD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed rural residence (AOR= 2.75, 95%CI: 1.34-5.65, P=0.006), BMI <18.5 kg/m(2) (AOR=6.78, 95%CI: 1.32-34.73, P=0.022) and BMI of 18.5-24.9 kg/m(2) (AOR=5.04, 95%CI: 1.26-20.10, P=0.022), and having hemodialysis history (AOR=3.59, 95%CI: 1.24-10.38, P=0.018) were independently associated with anemia among CKD patients. Conclusion: Periodic screening and intervention programs for anemia of CKD should be practiced to change the existing situation in the setting.