Transposable elements in cancer

被引:374
作者
Burns, Kathleen H. [1 ]
机构
[1] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
关键词
HUMAN ENDOGENOUS RETROVIRUS; SOMATIC L1 RETROTRANSPOSITION; HUMAN LINE-1 PROTEIN; SCANNING ME-SCAN; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTION; STRUCTURAL VARIATION; GENETIC INSTABILITY; ANTISENSE PROMOTER; POOR-PROGNOSIS; INSERTIONAL POLYMORPHISMS;
D O I
10.1038/nrc.2017.35
中图分类号
R73 [肿瘤学];
学科分类号
100214 ;
摘要
Transposable elements give rise to interspersed repeats, sequences that comprise most of our genomes. These mobile DNAs have been historically underappreciated - both because they have been presumed to be unimportant, and because their high copy number and variability pose unique technical challenges. Neither impediment now seems steadfast. Interest in the human mobilome has never been greater, and methods enabling its study are maturing at a fast pace. This Review describes the activity of transposable elements in human cancers, particularly long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1). LINE-1 sequences are self-propagating, protein-coding retrotransposons, and their activity results in somatically acquired insertions in cancer genomes. Altered expression of transposable elements and animation of genomic LINE-1 sequences appear to be hallmarks of cancer, and can be responsible for driving mutations in tumorigenesis.
引用
收藏
页码:415 / 424
页数:10
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