Nonlinear acoustic phenomena in a quartzite rod resonator

Here we have presented the results of experimental and theoretical studies of nonlinear acoustic effects (such as low-frequency amplitude-dependent losses, resonant frequency shifts, and high harmonic generation as well as a damping and carrier phase delay of weak ultrasonic pulses under powerful low-frequency pumping wave) in a rod resonator made of a crystalline rock quartzite. Also, we have given an analytical description of the observed phenomena within the frameworks of the phenomenological equations of state that contain low-frequency hysteretic nonlinearity and both dissipative and reactive high frequency nonlinearities. Comparison of experimental and analytical amplitude frequency dependencies of the nonlinear phenomena allowed us to determine quartzite acoustic nonlinearities parameter values. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.