ICU admission following an unscheduled return visit to the pediatric emergency department within 72 hours

Introduction The purpose of this study was to describe the demographic characteristics and prognosis of children admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after a pediatric emergency department (PED) return visit within 72 h. Method We conducted this retrospective study from 2010 to 2016 in the PED of a tertiary medical center in Taiwan and included patients under the age of 18 years old admitted to the ICU after a PED return visit within 72 h. Clinical characteristics were collected to perform demographic analysis. Pediatric patients who were admitted to the ICU on an initial visit were also enrolled as a comparison group for outcome analysis, including mortality, ventilator use, and length of hospital stay. Results We included a total of 136 patients in this study. Their mean age was 3.3 years old, 65.4% were male, and 36.0% had Chronic Health Condition (CHC). Disease-related return (73.5%) was by far the most common reason for return. Compared to those admitted on an initial PED visit, clinical characteristics, including vital signs at triage and laboratory tests on return visit with ICU admission, demonstrated no significant differences. Regarding prognosis, ICU admission on return visit has a higher likelihood of ventilator use (aOR:2.117, 95%CI 1.021 similar to 4.387), but was not associated with increased mortality (aOR:0.658, 95%CI 0.150 similar to 2.882) or LOHS (OR:-1.853, 95%CI -4.045 similar to 0.339). Conclusion Patients who were admitted to the ICU on return PED visits were associated with an increased risk of ventilator use but not mortality or LOHS compared to those admitted on an initial visit.