3-D P- and S-wave velocity structure along the central Alpine Fault, South Island, New Zealand

The Deep Fault Drilling Project DFDP) on the central Alpine Fault, South Island, NewZealand, has motivated a broad range of geophysical and geological studies intended to characterize the fault system in the locality of the drill site at various scales. In order to better understand the structural features of the central Alpine Fault, we have developed 3-D P-and S-wave velocity VP and VS) models of the region by double-difference tomography using data sets from multiple seismic networks. In previous work, the quality of the S-wave model has been poor due to the small number of available S-wave picks. We have utilized a new high-accuracy automatic S-wave picker to increase the number of usable S-wave arrivals by more than a factor of two, thereby substantially improving the VS model. Compared to previous studies, our new higher-resolution VP model based on more observations shows a clear VP contrast higher VP on the southeast hanging wall side) at depths of 5-10 km near the DFDP drill sites. With our better resolved VS model, in the same region, we detect a sharply defined high VS body VS > 3.7 km s(-1)) within the hanging wall. Our earthquake relocations reveal the presence of clusters within and around low-velocity zones in the hanging wall southeast of the Alpine Fault. Together with the improved earthquake locations, the P-and S-wave tomography results reveal the Alpine Fault to be marked by a velocity contrast throughout most of the study region. The fault dips southeastwards at about 50. from 5 to 15 km depth, as inferred from the velocity structure, seismicity and observations of fault zone guided waves.