Biological and structural properties of graphene oxide/curcumin nanocomposite incorporated chitosan as a scaffold for wound healing application

Aims: The purpose of this research is to fabricate chitosan (CS)/graphene oxide (GO)/curcumin (Cur) 3D scaffolds through the freeze-drying method for wound dressing applications. Main methods: GO is produced by Hammer's method; then, it is characterized by X-ray diffraction and TEM analysis. Fabricated scaffolds are characterized by FTIR, FESEM, AFM, water vapor transmission rate, PBS absorption, contact angle, tensile strength, porosity measurement, biodegradability, and drug release methods. The cell viability and morphology of NIH/3 T3 cells are investigated by WST assay kit and FESEM analysis, and the antibacterial activity of scaffolds is determined by the optical density (OD) method. The photothermal antibacterial activity is characterized by NIR irradiation, too. Key findings: The mean pore diameter of scaffolds adjusted by the incorporation of about 0-1.5%wt. of GO/Cur nanocomposite into CS matrix, decreasing from 87 to 40 mu m that can be attributed to the intermolecular bonds between CS and GO/Cur nanocomposite. Besides, the PBS absorption of scaffolds enhances by the addition of GO/Cur, especially 1% of it. Furthermore, the overall average of cell viability of nanocomposite scaffolds is about 95%, and the FESEM images show that NIH/3T3 fibroblasts well spread on the nanocomposite scaffolds. GO/Cur has a significant influence on the antibacterial activity of CS scaffolds as CS/GO/Cur 0.5 scaffold diminishes the bacterial growth to about 52% of the control sample's growth. Significance: The results evidence the antibacterial CS/GO/Cur scaffolds are excellent supports for cell growth and proliferation, and they could be promising candidates for wound dressing applications.