Recent advances of 3D printing in analytical chemistry: Focus on microfluidic, separation, and extraction devices

3D printing has attracted the attention of analytical chemists. 3D printing possesses the merits of fast and low-cost fabrication of geometrically complex 3D structures and has been employed in the fields of microfluidic devices, electrochemical sensors and biosensors, separation sciences, sample pretreatment, and wearable sensors. We focus on the applications and materials of 3D printing in microfluidic devices, separation sciences, and extraction over the last three years and we offer outlook. It is clear that the 3D printing in separation science is here to stay and with new materials development, to develop to on demand fabrication of separation tools. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.