Observations off the New Jersey coast document the shoaling of three groups of nonlinear internal waves of depression over 35 km across the shelf. Each wave group experienced changing background conditions along its shoreward transit. Despite different wave environments, a clear pattern emerges. Nearly symmetric waves propagating into shallow water develop an asymmetric shape; in the wave reference frame, the leading edge accelerates causing the front face to broaden while the trailing face remains steep. This trend continues until the front edge and face of the leading depression wave become unidentifiable and a near-bottom elevation wave emerges, formed from the trailing face of the initial depression wave and the leading face of the following wave. The transition from depression to elevation waves is diagnosed by the integrated wave vorticity, which changes sign as the wave's polarity changes sign. This transition is predicted by the sign change of the coefficient of the nonlinear term in the KdV equation, when evaluated using observed profiles of stratification and velocity.
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Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USAUniv Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
Lucas, Andrew J.
Pinkel, Robert
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Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USAUniv Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
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Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92093 USA
Serbian Acad Arts & Sci, Math Inst, Belgrade, SerbiaUniv Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92093 USA
Vrecica, Teodor
Pizzo, Nick
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Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92093 USAUniv Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92093 USA
Pizzo, Nick
Lenain, Luc
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Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92093 USAUniv Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92093 USA
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Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Int Pacific Res Ctr, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USAUniv Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Int Pacific Res Ctr, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
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Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, CanadaUniv Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
Sutherland, B. R.
Barrett, K. J.
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Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, CanadaUniv Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
Barrett, K. J.
Ivey, G. N.
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Univ Western Australia, Sch Environm Syst Engn, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
Univ Western Australia, UWA Oceans Inst, Perth, WA 6009, AustraliaUniv Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada