CMOS current steering logic for low-voltage mixed-signal integrated circuits

A quiet logic family-complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) current steering logic (CSL)-has been developed for use in low-voltage mixed-signal integrated circuits, Compared to a CMOS static logic gate with its output range of Delta V-logic approximate to V-dd, a CSL gate swings only Delta V-logic approximate to V-T + 0.25 V because the constant current supplied by the PMOS toad device is steered to ground through either an NMOS diode-connected device or switching network, Owing to the constant current, digital switching noise is 100x smaller than in static logic, Another useful feature which can be used to calibrate CSL speed against process, temperature, and voltage variations is propagation delay that is approximately constant versus supply voltage and linear with bias current, Several CSL circuits have been fabricated using 0.8 and 1.2 mu m high-V-T n-well CMOS processes, Two self-loaded 39-stage ring oscillators fabricated using the 1.2 mu m process (1.2 V power supply) exhibited power-delay products of 12 and 70 fJ with average propagation delays of 0.4 and 0.7 ns, respectively, High-V-T and low-V-T CSL ALU's were operational at V-dd approximate to 0.70 V and V-dd approximate to 0.40 V, respectively.