Models in quantum computing: a systematic review

Quantum computing is computing beyond classical computing based on quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement. While quantum computing is still seeking its shape, its effect is seen in making magnificent strides in the field of computing bringing into bare a new dimension of computing. Nevertheless, just like any other concept or field, it has some challenges, and a lot of research and work need to be done to realize its capabilities and benefits. This review provides an insight into quantum computing models coupled with the identification of some pros and cons. The main contribution of this systematic review is that it summarizes the current state-of-the-art models of quantum computing in various domains. It provides new classifications of quantum models based on the literature reviewed and links results to that of the four major categories of quantum computing models. Assessment reveals that most of the models reviewed are either mathematical or algorithmic even though they are based on quantum operations and circuits.