Household slow sand filters in continuous and intermittent flows and their efficiency in microorganism's removal from river water

被引:5
作者
Nasser Fava, Natalia de Melo [1 ]
Terin, Ulisses Costa [1 ]
Freitas, Barbara Luiza Souza [1 ]
Sabogal-Paz, Lyda Patricia [1 ]
Fernandez-Ibanez, Pilar [2 ]
Anthony Byrne, John [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos Sch Engn, Dept Hydraul & Sanitat, Sao Paulo, Brazil
[2] Ulster Univ, Sch Engn, Nanotechnol & Integrated Bioengn Ctr, Ulster, North Ireland
基金
英国科研创新办公室; 英国工程与自然科学研究理事会;
关键词
biosand filter; decentralized treatment; drinking water; microscopy; schmutzdecke; BIOSAND FILTER; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DRINKING-WATER; REDUCTIONS; FILTRATION; BACTERIAL; GIARDIA; CYSTS;
D O I
10.1080/09593330.2020.1841834
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of four household slow sand filter (HSSF) models for the removal of microorganisms from river water throughout the development of their biological layers (schmutzdecke). Two models were designed to be operated continuously (HSSF-CC and HSSF-CT) and two intermittently (HSSF-ID and HSSF-IF). Filters were fed daily with 48 L pre-treated river water (24 h sedimentation followed by filtration through a non-woven synthetic blanket). Water samples were quantified by coliform group bacteria and analysed by bright field microscopy to visualize the microorganisms. Total coliform reduction was between 1.42 +/- 0.59 log and 2.96 +/- 0.58 log, with continuous models showing a better performance (p-values < 0.004). Escherichia coli reduction varied from 1.49 +/- 0.58 log to 2.09 +/- 0.66 log and HSSF-IF, HSSF-CC and HSSF-CT presented a similar performance (p-values > 0.06), slightly better than the one presented by HSSF-ID (p-value=0.04). Microorganisms, such as algae, protozoa and helminths were detected by microscopy in raw water and pre-treated water. Algae were the most significant group in these samples, although they were not visualized by bright field microscopy in the filtered water. Results showed the potential of HSSF in microbiological risk reduction from river water, which increases the range of point-of-use water treatments in rural communities. However, additional studies of the HSSF biological layer must be performed.
引用
收藏
页码:1583 / 1592
页数:10
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