HLA-DR and ICAM-1 expression and modulation in epithelial cells from nasal polyps

Objective/Hypothesis. Through human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression, nasal epithelial cells could actively participate in the chronic inflammation and eosinophil infiltration observed in nasal polyps. The objective of the study was to evaluate HLA-DR and ICAM-1 expression in polyp epithelium and in a culture model of polyp epithelial cells allowing ciliated and secretory differentiation. Study Design: Prospective non-randomized controlled in vitro study. Methods. The in vitro HLA-DR and ICAM-1 expression was studied under basal conditions or after exposure to interferon-gamma, transforming growth factor-beta1, lipopolysaccharide, dexamethasone, or cetirizine. HLA-DR and ICAM-1 expression was investigated in situ by immunohistochemical staining of polyps and in vitro by immunofluorescent staining of cell cultures. HLA-DR and ICAM-1 were localized in cultured cells by confocal microscopy. Cultured cells expressing HLA-DR and ICAM-1 were quantified by flow cytometry. Results. Both HLA-DR and ICAM-1 showed significant immunostaining of nasal polyp epithelium. In nasal polyp epithelial cell cultures, less than 5% of cells were positive for HLA-DR whereas 40% were positive for ICAM-1 at day 3. In vitro, HLA-DR was mainly located in the cytoplasm and ICAM-1 predominated on the apicolateral cytoplasmic membrane. Comparison of in situ and in vitro results showed that well-differentiated and poorly differentiated cells predominantly expressed HLA-DR and ICAM-1, respectively. Interferon-gamma significantly increased HLA-DR, and ICAM-1 expression, whereas transforming growth factor-beta1 significantly decreased HLA-DR expression and lipopolysaccharide significantly increased ICAM-1 expression. Conclusion: HLA-DR and ICAM-1 epithelial expression in nasal polyps in situ and in vitro and their in vitro modulation reinforce the active role of epithelial cells in chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper airways.