Pathology, Molecular Biology, and Prognosis of Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: What Can We Learn from the Specimen?

被引:0
|
作者
Hakenberg, Oliver W. [1 ]
Draeger, Desiree [1 ]
Erbersdobler, Andreas [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Med Rostock, Klin & Poliklin Urol, Schillingallee 35, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
[2] Univ Med Rostock, Inst Pathol, Rostock, Germany
关键词
Penile cancer; Squamous cell carcinoma; Prognosis; Molecular carcinogenesis; Biomarkers; Histology; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; P16(INK4A) EXPRESSION; GENE-MUTATIONS; CANCER; METASTASIS; SURVIVAL; LYMPHADENECTOMY; IDENTIFICATION; OPPORTUNITIES; CHEMOTHERAPY;
D O I
10.1016/j.eursup.2018.05.004
中图分类号
R5 [内科学]; R69 [泌尿科学(泌尿生殖系疾病)];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
In the treatment of penile cancer, there is a need for prognostic and predictive factors allowing assessment of the likelihood of lymph node metastasis, as this would greatly facilitate clinical decision-making for invasive staging of inguinal nodes. Furthermore, systemic chemotherapy in metastatic disease has limited efficacy and more effective additional or second-line therapies are needed. There is a great interest in personalised and targeted therapies at present, but do we have any indications that these will be useful in penile cancer? This review examines the well-proven predictors of prognosis that pathologists can take from specimens, and reports which molecular markers are of proven value in penile cancer. (C) 2018 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:138 / 145
页数:8
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