Solubility determination and modelling for 4-nitrobenzaldehyde in N,N-dimethylforrnamide plus (ethanol, n-propanol or n-butanol) mixed solvents

The solubility of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde in mixed solvents of (N,N-dimethylformamide + ethanol), (N,Ndimethylformamide + n-propanol) and (N,N-dimethylformamide + n-butanol) were determined experimentally by using the isothermal dissolution method within the temperatures ranging from (273.15 to 313.15) K under atmosphere pressure (101.2 kPa). The solubility of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde increased with increasing temperature and mass fraction of N,N-dimethylformamide for the binary systems of (N,N-dimethylformamide + ethanol), (N,N-dimethylformamide + n-propanol) and (N,N-dimethylformamide + n-butanol). At the same temperature and mass fraction of N,N-dimethylformamide, the mole fraction solubility of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde in ethanol was greater than those in the other two systems. The obtained solubility data were correlated by employing CNIBS/R-K model, Jouyban-Acree model, van't Hoff-Jouyban-Acree model, modified Apelblat-Jouyban-Acree and Sun model. The largest values of relative average deviation (RAD) and root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) between the experimental and calculated solubility were 0.92 x 10(-2) and 6.22 x 10(-4), respectively, which were obtained with Jouyban-Acree model for the system of N,N-dimethylformamide + n-propanol. On the whole, the CNIBS/R-K model was proven to provide better representation of the experimental solubility data. Based on the measured solubility, the dissolution enthalpies of the dissolution process were computed. Dissolution process of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde in these mixed solvents was endothermic The experimental solubility and solubility models could be helpful in purifying 4-nitrobenzaldehyde from its isomeric mixtures. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.