Effect of Simultaneous Snail Slime-aided Degradation and Yeast Fermentation on Terpenoid Composition of Plantain Pseudostem Waste

Background: In this study, local sustainable enzyme sources involving excised digestive juice of African land snail and yeast were utilized to achieve the simultaneous saccharification (SSF) and fermentation (SSF) of plantain pseudostem (PPS) waste, and afterwards their effects on terpenoids using gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC-FID), were examined. Methods: The most abundant terpenoids were found in the order alpha-pinene > borneol > camphor > humulene > beta-caryophellene, while the least in abundance were cis ocimene (8.78x10(-6) mg/100g), and cyperene (1.81x10(-5) mg/100g). The application of exclusive fermentation and SSF respectively elevated azuluene by 95.46 and 99.6%, while pinene-2-ol was elevated by 83.02 and 98.57%, respectively. Results: Both exclusive fermentation and SSF had no effect on myrcene, cyperene, ethyl cinnamate, germacrene b, valencene, beta selinene, aromadendrene, and taraxerol, while the degree of degradation of some of the terpenoids by both processes was respectively as follows; gama muurolene (100%), beta-caryophyllene (97.60 and 93.14%), alpha-terpinenyl acetate (91.95 and 83.16%), geranyl acetate (94.81 and 43.87%), and terpinen-4-ol (94.40 and 57.00%). Conclusion: The findings of this study encourage the imminent application of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation for the enhancement of bioactivities of terpenoids.