Numerical methods for atomic quantum gases with applications to Bose-Einstein condensates and to ultracold fermions

被引:130
作者
Minguzzi, A
Succi, S
Toschi, F
Tosi, MP
Vignolo, P
机构
[1] INFM, NEST, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
[2] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
[3] Ist Applicaz Calcolo, CNR, I-00161 Rome, Italy
来源
PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS | 2004年 / 395卷 / 4-5期
关键词
Bose-Einstein condensation; degenerate fermi gases;
D O I
10.1016/j.physrep.2004.02.001
中图分类号
O4 [物理学];
学科分类号
0702 ;
摘要
The achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in ultra-cold vapours of alkali atoms has given enormous impulse to the study of dilute atomic gases in condensed quantum states inside magnetic traps and optical lattices. High-purity and easy optical access make them ideal candidates to investigate fundamental issues on interacting quantum systems. This review presents some theoretical issues which have been addressed in this area and the numerical techniques which have been developed and used to describe them, from mean-field models to classical and quantum simulations for equilibrium and dynamical properties. After an introductory overview on dilute quantum gases, both in the homogeneus state and under harmonic or periodic confinement, the article is organized in three main sections. The first concerns Bose-condensed gases at zero temperature, with main regard to the properties of the ground state in different confinements and to collective excitations and transport in the condensate. Bose-Einstein-condensed gases at finite temperature are addressed in the next section, the main emphasis being on equilibrium properties and phase transitions and on dynamical and transport properties associated with the presence of the thermal cloud. Finally, the last section is focused on theoretical and computational issues that have emerged from the efforts to drive gases of fermionic atoms and boson-fermion mixtures deep into the quantum degeneracy regime, with the aim of realizing novel superfluids from fermion pairing. The attention given in this article to methods beyond standard mean-field approaches should make it a useful reference point for future advances in these areas. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:223 / 355
页数:133
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