Synthesis and characterization of aryl ethynyl terminated liquid crystalline oligomers and their cured polymers

In this paper the synthesis and characterization of two series wholly aromatic, main-chain, reactive liquid crystalline oligomers is reported. Phenylethynyl end-capped oligomers, based on 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) and 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (HNA), were successfully synthesized using standard high-temperature melt-condensation techniques. Melt processable oligomers, with M-n = 1000, 5000, 9000, and 13 000 g mol(-1), and oligomers with HBA or HNA concentrations as high as 95 mol % were prepared. All oligomers showed well-defined, homogeneous, nematic melt behavior over a broad temperature range. The phenylethynyl end-capped oligomers could be cured at 370 C and formed films with excellent mechanical and thermal properties, and without losing the nematic order. Low molecular weight oligomers, i.e. M-n < 5000 g mol(-1), tend to form nematic thermosets, while oligomers with M-n > 5000 g mol(-1), polymerize predominantly via chain extension chemistry. The fully cured nematic polymers exhibit glass-transition temperatures (T-g) up to 203 C, as determined by DMTA measurements, and thermal stabilities (5 wt % loss) up to 500 C in both air and nitrogen atmosphere. The cured 1000 and 5000 g mol(-1) oligomers, with 95 mol % HBA or HNA compositions, show significant improvements in storage modulus at elevated temperatures as compared to their high-molecular weight counterparts. Rheology experiments showed that these reactive nematic oligomers are melt-stable for at least 30 min at 300 C and exhibit complex melt viscosities vertical bar eta*vertical bar as low as 1 Pa(.)s at 100 rad(.)s(-1). In all examples no loss of mesophase could be observed during chain extension or cross-linking, which indicates that phenylethynyl cross-link chemistry is completely compatible with mesophase formation.