The soft X-ray Neupert effect as a proxy for solar energetic particle injection A proof-of-concept physics-based forecasting model

被引:6
作者
Steyn, Ruhann [1 ]
Strauss, Du Toit [1 ]
Effenberger, Frederic [2 ,3 ]
Pacheco, Daniel [4 ]
机构
[1] North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2531 Potchefstroom, South Africa
[2] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany
[3] NASA Res Pk, Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA
[4] Christian Albrechts Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Angew Phys, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
来源
JOURNAL OF SPACE WEATHER AND SPACE CLIMATE | 2020年 / 10卷
基金
新加坡国家研究基金会;
关键词
solar energetic particles; injection function; Neupert effect; forecasting; nowcasting; INTERPLANETARY TRANSPORT; EVAPORATION; EMISSION; RHESSI; SUN;
D O I
10.1051/swsc/2020067
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
The acceleration and injection of solar energetic particles (SEPs) near the Sun is one of the major unsolved problems in contemporary SEP transport modeling efforts. Here, we establish a new approach to the injection problem by utilizing a correlation between the soft X-ray thermal emission in solar flares, and their hard X-ray counterpart, the so-called Neupert effect, which is indicative of the presence of non-thermal particles. We show that the resulting injection function, in the initial phase of the flare, is similar to those inferred from inverting the transport problem based on in-situ observations. For few cases, we find early injections with no in-situ correspondence, that can be caused by particles accelerated before there is a magnetic connection between the source and the spacecraft. The method has limitations for long-duration injections, since it is not applicable to the decay phase of the flare where particle trapping might play a role. For a sample of SEP events in 1980, observed with the Helios-1 and IMP8 spacecraft, we show the results of a 2D SEP transport model based on this approach. We discuss that, with this method, a physics-based, real-time operational SEP now-cast model for the heliosphere is feasible.
引用
收藏
页数:11
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