Trading in snails: plant nurseries as transport hubs for non-native species

被引:51
作者
Bergey, Elizabeth A. [1 ,2 ]
Figueroa, Laura L. [1 ,2 ]
Mather, Charles M. [3 ]
Martin, Rebekah J. [1 ,2 ]
Ray, Eric J. [1 ,2 ]
Kurien, Jobin T. [1 ,4 ]
Westrop, David R. [1 ,2 ]
Suriyawong, Phushewan [1 ,5 ]
机构
[1] Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Biol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA
[2] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA
[3] Univ Sci & Arts Oklahoma, Dept Biol, Chickasha, OK 73018 USA
[4] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norman, OK 73019 USA
[5] Chiang Mai Univ, Dept Biol, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
关键词
Gastropoda; Land snails; Dispersal; Horticultural trade; Non-native species; Invasive species; Slugs; Stratified diffusion model; Transport hub model; LAND SNAIL; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SELF-FERTILIZATION; CEPAEA-NEMORALIS; NONMARINE SNAILS; BAIT INDUSTRY; DISPERSAL; PATHWAYS; SLUGS; POPULATIONS;
D O I
10.1007/s10530-013-0581-1
中图分类号
X176 [生物多样性保护];
学科分类号
090705 ;
摘要
The plant trade provides a major mechanism for the long-distance dispersal of land snails, including slugs, which have low natural mobility. Whereas inspections at national borders intercept many in-coming snails, dispersal within countries is much less well regulated and documented. To investigate the role of plant nurseries as a source for the distribution of non-native invertebrates, particularly land snails, we surveyed snails in 28 nurseries in Oklahoma (United States) and compared our survey with similar surveys worldwide. We found 36 taxa, including 16 species not native to the region; 11 of these were new state records. Snail species richness increased with increasing outside area of snail-appropriate habitat, but not with enclosed greenhouse area. Species composition was similar among nurseries and Oklahoma nurseries shared several species with nurseries in Hawaii and Europe. Appropriate models for the dispersal of snails via plant nurseries are the transport hub model (snails moving as contaminants on plants coming into and leaving nurseries) and, for snail populations already established in nurseries, the stratified diffusion model (contamination of plants by snails within nurseries, followed by long-distance jumps as plants are sold and transported). Potted plants are portable habitats that protect snails from detection, pesticides and desiccation. Dispersing snails may survive in urban habitats, where mulching and watering may ameliorate hot, dry summers and cold winters.
引用
收藏
页码:1441 / 1451
页数:11
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