The prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAIT) is estimated to be between 2 and 7.8%. A gluten-free diet (GFD) in patients with CD is suggested to have a beneficial effect on CAIT. Thus, the present systematic review was undertaken to achieve more robust evidence about the change in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid-specific antibodies (T-Ab) levels obtained in CD patients following a GFD. A specific search strategy was planned. The last search was performed on March 2022. The following data were mainly searched for in order to be extracted: sample size, mean and/or median with standard deviation (SD), and error (SE), individually, of thyroid hormones and T-Ab at baseline and after GFD, and the duration of the study. The initial search retrieved 297 records and 6 articles met the inclusion criteria. In total, 50 patients with both CD and CAIT and 45 controls were reported. The effects of a GFD on the thyroid hormonal and immunological profile could be extracted only in a part of the studies. Two studies were case reports. A low risk of bias was observed. These findings advise further studies, ideally randomized, in order to better investigate the potential relationship between GFD and thyroid homeostasis. The level of evidence is not still sufficient to recommend GFD to patients with CAIT.
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Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dept Emergency & Organ Transplantat, Gastroenterol Unit, Bari, ItalyUniv Bari Aldo Moro, Dept Emergency & Organ Transplantat, Gastroenterol Unit, Bari, Italy
Barone, Michele
Iannone, Andrea
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Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dept Emergency & Organ Transplantat, Gastroenterol Unit, Bari, ItalyUniv Bari Aldo Moro, Dept Emergency & Organ Transplantat, Gastroenterol Unit, Bari, Italy
Iannone, Andrea
Cristofori, Fernanda
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Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Interdisciplinary Dept Med, Pediat Sect, Bari, ItalyUniv Bari Aldo Moro, Dept Emergency & Organ Transplantat, Gastroenterol Unit, Bari, Italy
Cristofori, Fernanda
Dargenio, Vanessa Nadia
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Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Interdisciplinary Dept Med, Pediat Sect, Bari, ItalyUniv Bari Aldo Moro, Dept Emergency & Organ Transplantat, Gastroenterol Unit, Bari, Italy
Dargenio, Vanessa Nadia
Indrio, Flavia
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IRCCS Casa Sollievo Sofferenza, Dept Pediat, Foggia, ItalyUniv Bari Aldo Moro, Dept Emergency & Organ Transplantat, Gastroenterol Unit, Bari, Italy
Indrio, Flavia
Verduci, Elvira
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Osped Bambini Vittore Buzzi, Dept Pediat, Milan, ItalyUniv Bari Aldo Moro, Dept Emergency & Organ Transplantat, Gastroenterol Unit, Bari, Italy
Verduci, Elvira
Di Leo, Alfredo
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Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dept Emergency & Organ Transplantat, Gastroenterol Unit, Bari, ItalyUniv Bari Aldo Moro, Dept Emergency & Organ Transplantat, Gastroenterol Unit, Bari, Italy
Di Leo, Alfredo
Francavilla, Ruggiero
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Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Interdisciplinary Dept Med, Pediat Sect, Bari, ItalyUniv Bari Aldo Moro, Dept Emergency & Organ Transplantat, Gastroenterol Unit, Bari, Italy
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Department of Internal Medicine I, Klinikum Saarbrücken, Winterberg 1, D-66119 Saarbrücken and Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapie, Technische Universitt MünchenDepartment of Internal Medicine I, Klinikum Saarbrücken, Winterberg 1, D-66119 Saarbrücken and Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapie, Technische Universitt München
Winfried Huser
Karl-Heinz Janke
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Baden-Württemberg State Health Office, District Government StuttgartDepartment of Internal Medicine I, Klinikum Saarbrücken, Winterberg 1, D-66119 Saarbrücken and Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapie, Technische Universitt München
Karl-Heinz Janke
Bodo Klump
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Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Cancer, St. Anna Hospital, Obere Waiblinger Starβe 101, D-70374 Stuttgart, Germany and Department of Internal Medicine 1, Universittskliniken TübingenDepartment of Internal Medicine I, Klinikum Saarbrücken, Winterberg 1, D-66119 Saarbrücken and Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapie, Technische Universitt München
Bodo Klump
Michael Gregor
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Department of Internal Medicine 1, Universittskliniken TübingenDepartment of Internal Medicine I, Klinikum Saarbrücken, Winterberg 1, D-66119 Saarbrücken and Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapie, Technische Universitt München
Michael Gregor
Andreas Hinz
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Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Universitt LeipzigDepartment of Internal Medicine I, Klinikum Saarbrücken, Winterberg 1, D-66119 Saarbrücken and Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapie, Technische Universitt München
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Univ Sunderland, Sch Appl Sci, Sunderland, Tyne & Wear, EnglandUniv Durham, Sch Med & Hlth, Wolfson Res Inst, Stockton On Tees TS17 6BH, England
Hall, N. J.
Rubin, G.
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Univ Durham, Sch Med & Hlth, Wolfson Res Inst, Stockton On Tees TS17 6BH, EnglandUniv Durham, Sch Med & Hlth, Wolfson Res Inst, Stockton On Tees TS17 6BH, England