The biology of Canadian weeds. 138. Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.

被引:103
作者
Friesen, Lyle F. [1 ]
Beckie, Hugh J. [2 ]
Warwick, Suzanne I. [3 ]
Van Acker, Rene C. [4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Manitoba, Dept Plant Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
[2] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Saskatoon Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
[3] AAFC, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
[4] Univ Guelph, Dept Plant Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
关键词
Kochia; Kochia scoparia; Bassia scoparia; herbicide resistance; soil salinity tolerance; weed biology; ALS-INHIBITING HERBICIDES; CHLORSULFURON-RESISTANT BIOTYPE; SULFONYLUREA-RESISTANT; SUSCEPTIBLE KOCHIA; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; RUSSIAN THISTLE; GREEN MANURE; SUGAR-BEETS; GERMINATION CHARACTERISTICS; OVIPOSITION PHEROMONE;
D O I
10.4141/CJPS08057
中图分类号
S3 [农学(农艺学)];
学科分类号
0901 ;
摘要
Friesen, L. F., Beckie, H. J., Warwick, S. I. and Van Acker, R. C. 2009. The biology of Canadian weeds. 138. Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. Can. J. Plant Sci. 89: 141-167. Kochia [Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.] is an annual broadleaf weed species native to Eurasia and introduced as an ornamental to the Americas by immigrants in the mid- to late 1800s. Although sometimes categorized in the genus Bassia, there is no compelling reason for this classification. This naturalized species is a common and economically important weed in crop production systems and ruderal areas in semiarid to and regions of North America, and has expanded northward in the Canadian Prairies during the past 30 yr. Although primarily self-pollinated, substantial pollen-mediated gene flow and efficient seed dispersal aids both short- and long-distance spread. The weed is morphologically highly variable, and its growth and development are markedly affected by environmental conditions. Kochia, a C-4 species, is highly competitive in cropping systems because of its ability to germinate at low soil temperatures and emerge early, grow rapidly, tolerate heat, drought and salinity, and exert allelopathic effects on neighboring species. Moreover, herbicidal control has been compromised to some extent by the widespread evolution of herbicide resistance in the species. Kochia is used as a forage, is palatable to livestock with nutritional value similar to that of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), but can be toxic if it comprises the majority of the diet. Although kochia pollen is an allergen, the seed is a source of phytochemicals including mosquito pheromones and saponins that are potentially beneficial to human health; kochia also is beneficial in phytoremediation of soils contaminated by hydrocarbons or pesticides.
引用
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页码:141 / 167
页数:27
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