The Influence of Stress Hormones on Fear Circuitry

被引:390
作者
Rodrigues, Sarina M. [1 ]
LeDoux, Joseph E. [2 ,3 ,4 ]
Sapolsky, Robert M. [5 ,6 ]
机构
[1] Univ Calif Berkeley, Inst Personal & Social Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[2] NYU, Ctr Neural Sci, New York, NY 10003 USA
[3] NYU, Dept Psychol, New York, NY 10003 USA
[4] Nathan S Kline Inst Psychiat Res, Emot Brain Inst Labs, Orangeburg, NY 10962 USA
[5] Stanford Med Ctr, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
[6] Stanford Med Ctr, Dept Neurol & Neurol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
关键词
fear conditioning; glucocorticoids; norepinephrine;
D O I
10.1146/annurev.neuro.051508.135620
中图分类号
Q189 [神经科学];
学科分类号
071006 ;
摘要
Fear arousal, initiated by an environmental threat, leads to activation of the stress response, a state of alarm that promotes an array of autonomic and endocrine changes designed to aid self-preservation. The stress response includes the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex and catecholamines from the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nerves. These stress hormones, in turn, provide feedback to the brain and influence neural structures that control emotion and cognition. To illustrate this influence, we focus on how it impacts fear conditioning, a behavioral paradigm widely used to study the neural mechanisms underlying the acquisition, expression, consolidation, reconsolidation, and extinction of emotional memories. We also discuss how stress and the endocrine mediators of the stress response influence the morphological and electrophysiological properties of neurons in brain areas that are crucial for fear-conditioning processes, including the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex. The information in this review illuminates the behavioral and cellular events that underlie the feedforward and feedback networks that mediate states of fear and stress and their interaction in the brain.
引用
收藏
页码:289 / 313
页数:25
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