Advances in Transition-Metal Phosphide Applications in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Catalysis

Transition-metal phosphides (TMPs) have emerged as robust and efficient catalyst materials recently due to their excellent catalytic properties. This review summarizes the recent advances in TMP applications in electrochemical energy storage and catalysis. Some representative works are highlighted to give a scientific concept and understanding of the versatile applications of TMPS in water splitting, fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors. An outstanding catalytic activity/promotion effect was achieved in catalyst systems due to the synergistic effects between the various components. Problems and challenges are also discussed to inspire the development of novel nanoscaled TMPs as efficient and robust catalysts for commercial applications in real energy technologies.