Porous organic materials are an emerging class of functional nanostructures with unprecedented properties. Dynamic covalent assembly of small organic building blocks under thermodynamic control is utilized for the intriguingly simple formation of complex molecular architectures in one-pot procedures. In this Review, we aim to analyze the basic design principles that govern the formation of either covalent organic frameworks as crystalline porous polymers or covalent organic cage compounds as shape-persistent molecular objects. Common synthetic procedures and characterization techniques will be discussed as well as more advanced strategies such as postsynthetic modification or self-sorting. When appropriate, comparisons are drawn between polymeric frameworks and discrete organic cages in terms of their underlying properties. Furthermore, we highlight the potential of these materials for applications ranging from gas storage to catalysis and organic electronics.
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Hebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Hebei Key Lab Inorgan Nanomat, 20 South Second Ring East Rd, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, Peoples R China
Tech Univ Berlin, Dept Chem, Funct Mat, Hardenbergstr 40, D-10623 Berlin, GermanyHebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Hebei Key Lab Inorgan Nanomat, 20 South Second Ring East Rd, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, Peoples R China
Zhao, Xiaojia
Pachfule, Pradip
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Tech Univ Berlin, Dept Chem, Funct Mat, Hardenbergstr 40, D-10623 Berlin, GermanyHebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Hebei Key Lab Inorgan Nanomat, 20 South Second Ring East Rd, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, Peoples R China
Pachfule, Pradip
Thomas, Arne
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Tech Univ Berlin, Dept Chem, Funct Mat, Hardenbergstr 40, D-10623 Berlin, GermanyHebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Hebei Key Lab Inorgan Nanomat, 20 South Second Ring East Rd, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, Peoples R China
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Gachon Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Seongnam Si 13120, South KoreaGachon Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Seongnam Si 13120, South Korea
Tran, Quang Nhat
Lee, Hyun Jong
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Gachon Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Seongnam Si 13120, South KoreaGachon Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Seongnam Si 13120, South Korea
Lee, Hyun Jong
Tran, Ngo
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Duy Tan Univ, Inst Res & Dev, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
Duy Tan Univ, Fac Nat Sci, Da Nang 550000, VietnamGachon Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Seongnam Si 13120, South Korea
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Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad,44000, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad,44000, Pakistan
Altaf, Amna
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Baig, Nadeem
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Sohail, Manzar
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Sher, Muhammad
Ul-Hamid, Anwar
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Materials Characterization Laboratory, Center for Engineering Research, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran,31261, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad,44000, Pakistan