Climate change and Southern Ocean ecosystems I: how changes in physical habitats directly affect marine biota

被引：439

作者：

Constable, Andrew J. ^{[1
,2
]}

Melbourne-Thomas, Jessica ^{[1
,2
]}

Corney, Stuart P. ^{[2
]}

Arrigo, Kevin R. ^{[3
]}

Barbraud, Christophe ^{[4
]}

Barnes, David K. A. ^{[5
]}

Bindoff, Nathaniel L. ^{[2
,6
,7
]}

Boyd, Philip W. ^{[7
,8
]}

Brandt, Angelika ^{[9
,10
]}

Costa, Daniel P. ^{[11
]}

Davidson, Andrew T. ^{[1
,2
]}

Ducklow, Hugh W. ^{[12
]}

Emmerson, Louise ^{[1
]}

Fukuchi, Mitsuo ^{[13
]}

Gutt, Julian ^{[14
]}

Hindell, Mark A. ^{[7
]}

Hofmann, Eileen E. ^{[15
]}

Hosie, Graham W. ^{[1
,2
]}

Iida, Takahiro ^{[13
]}

Jacob, Sarah ^{[1
]}

Johnston, Nadine M. ^{[5
]}

Kawaguchi, So ^{[1
,2
]}

Kokubun, Nobuo ^{[13
]}

Koubbi, Philippe ^{[16
]}

Lea, Mary-Anne ^{[7
]}

Makhado, Azwianewi ^{[17
]}

Massom, Rob A. ^{[1
,2
]}

Meiners, Klaus ^{[1
,2
]}

Meredith, Michael P. ^{[5
]}

Murphy, Eugene J. ^{[5
]}

Nicol, Stephen ^{[2
,7
]}

Reid, Keith ^{[18
]}

Richerson, Kate ^{[11
]}

Riddle, Martin J. ^{[1
]}

Rintoul, Stephen R. ^{[2
,6
]}

Smith, Walker O., Jr. ^{[19
]}

Southwell, Colin ^{[1
,2
]}

Stark, Jonathon S. ^{[1
]}

Sumner, Michael ^{[1
]}

Swadling, Kerrie M. ^{[7
]}

Takahashi, Kunio T. ^{[13
]}

Trathan, Phil N. ^{[5
]}

Welsford, Dirk C. ^{[1
]}

Weimerskirch, Henri ^{[4
]}

Westwood, Karen J. ^{[1
,2
]}

Wienecke, Barbara C. ^{[1
]}

Wolf-Gladrow, Dieter ^{[14
]}

Wright, Simon W. ^{[1
,2
]}

Xavier, Jose C. ^{[5
,20
]}

Ziegler, Philippe ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia

[2] Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia

[3] Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[4] Univ La Rochelle, CNRS, UMR 7372, Ctr Etud Biol Chize, F-79360 Villiers E Bois, France

[5] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England

[6] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia

[7] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia

[8] Univ Otago, Dept Chem, Ctr Chem & Phys Oceanog, Dunedin, New Zealand

[9] Univ Hamburg, Bioctr Grindel, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany

[10] Univ Hamburg, Zool Museum, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany

[11] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA

[12] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA

[13] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tachikawa, Tokyo 1908518, Japan

[14] Helmholtz Zentrum Polar & Meeresforsch, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany

[15] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA USA

[16] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, UMR 7208,BOREA,MNHN,IRD,UCBN, F-75005 Paris, France

[17] Dept Environm Affairs Oceans & Coasts, ZA-8000 Cape Town, South Africa

[18] Commiss Conservat Antarctic Marine Living Resourc, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia

[19] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Pt, VA USA

[20] Univ Coimbra, Inst Marine Res, P-3001401 Coimbra, Portugal

来源：

GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY | 2014年 / 20卷 / 10期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

Antarctica; benthos; climate change; krill; marine ecosystems; marine mammals; ocean acidification; penguins; plankton; sea ice; KRILL EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; SEA-ICE EXTENT; MODELS HISTORICAL BIAS; PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; WEST ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SCOTIA SEA; FOOD-WEB; DISSOSTICHUS-ELEGINOIDES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY;

D O I：

10.1111/gcb.12623

中图分类号：

X176 [生物多样性保护];

学科分类号：

090705 ;

摘要：

Antarctic and Southern Ocean (ASO) marine ecosystems have been changing for at least the last 30years, including in response to increasing ocean temperatures and changes in the extent and seasonality of sea ice; the magnitude and direction of these changes differ between regions around Antarctica that could see populations of the same species changing differently in different regions. This article reviews current and expected changes in ASO physical habitats in response to climate change. It then reviews how these changes may impact the autecology of marine biota of this polar region: microbes, zooplankton, salps, Antarctic krill, fish, cephalopods, marine mammals, seabirds, and benthos. The general prognosis for ASO marine habitats is for an overall warming and freshening, strengthening of westerly winds, with a potential pole-ward movement of those winds and the frontal systems, and an increase in ocean eddy activity. Many habitat parameters will have regionally specific changes, particularly relating to sea ice characteristics and seasonal dynamics. Lower trophic levels are expected to move south as the ocean conditions in which they are currently found move pole-ward. For Antarctic krill and finfish, the latitudinal breadth of their range will depend on their tolerance of warming oceans and changes to productivity. Ocean acidification is a concern not only for calcifying organisms but also for crustaceans such as Antarctic krill; it is also likely to be the most important change in benthic habitats over the coming century. For marine mammals and birds, the expected changes primarily relate to their flexibility in moving to alternative locations for food and the energetic cost of longer or more complex foraging trips for those that are bound to breeding colonies. Few species are sufficiently well studied to make comprehensive species-specific vulnerability assessments possible. Priorities for future work are discussed.

引用

页码：3004 / 3025

页数：22

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