Prevention of lipopolysaccharide-induced peritoneal damage by eplerenone in rats undergoing peritoneal dialysis

Background: Bacterial peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a major cause of therapy interruption due to peritoneal insufficiency. Here we studied the effect of a selective mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blocker, eplerenone, on the prevention of peritoneal damage. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with a daily infusion of human use PD solution (100 mL/kg i.p., PD group, n = 5), or with PD solution and intermittent intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS group, n = 5) or with LPS and eplerenone (100 mg/kg/d, po, Ep group, n = 5) for 4 weeks. Peritoneal samples were subjected to assessment following the peritoneal equilibration test (PET). Results; Histological observations revealed that LPS treatment resulted in significant peritoneal thickening associated with increased ED-1-positive cell infiltration and the number of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1-positive cells, and that eplerenone reduced these changes. LPS administration also evoked significant upregulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and TGF-beta 1, which were inhibited by eplerenone. PET revealed that ultrafiltration and transperitoneal osmotic diffusion were significantly impaired by LPS and restored by eplerenone. Increased value of the mass transfer area coefficients for creatinine values was also recovered by Ep (0.10 +/- 0.01 in the PD, 0.14 +/- 0.02 in the LPS and 0.08 +/- 0.0 in the Ep groups). lmmunostaining for von Willebrand factor showed a significant increase by LPS and its restoration by Ep. Conclusions: Ep effectively diminished LPS-induced peritoneal insufficiency. A selective blockade of MR might prevent peritoneal insufficiency associated with bacterial peritonitis.